| 1 | King Faisal | 1918-1920 | Served immediately following the fall of the Ottoman Empire and before the imposition of the French mandate. |
| 2 | Subhi Barakat | 1922-1925 | Served following the imposition of the French mandate. |
| 3 | François Pierre-Alype | 1926 | French official who served in an interim capacity during the French mandate. |
| 4 | Ahmad Nami | 1926-1928 | Served during the French mandate. |
| 5 | Taj Al-Din Hasani | 1928-1931 1941-1943 |
Served during the French mandate. |
| 6 | Léon Solomiac | 1931-1932 | French official who served in an interim capacity during the French mandate. |
| 7 | Muhammad Ali Abed | 1932-1936 | First president who served immediately following the establishment of the Syrian Republic under the French mandate. |
| 8 | Hashim Atassi | 1936-1939 1949-1951 1954-1955 |
Served following the establishment of the Syrian Republic under the French mandate and after the fall of the governments of both Husni Zaim and Adib Shishakli. |
| 9 | Bahij Khatib | 1939-1941 | Served in an interim capacity during the French mandate. |
| 10 | Khaled Azem | 1941 | Served in an interim capacity during the French mandate. |
| 11 | Jamil Ulshi | 1943 | Served in an interim capacity during the French mandate. |
| 12 | Ata Ayoubi | 1943 | Served during the French mandate. |
| 13 | Shukri Quwatli | 1943-1949 1955-1958 |
Served during the French mandate when he oversaw independence in April 1946 and at the time when a deal with Egypt for unification was being finalized before resigning in favour of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel-Nasser. |
| 14 | Husni Zaim | 1949 | Led the first coup d’état in Syria and served briefly before being overthrown. |
| 15 | Sami Hinnawi | 1949 | Led the coup that overthrew Husni Zaim. |
| 16 | Fawzi Selu | 1951-1953 | Served as a front for Adib Shishakli when the latter led a coup in Syria. |
| 17 | Adib Shishakli | 1953-1954 | Officially seized the presidency but served briefly before being forced to resign under pressure from internal unrest. |
| 18 | Maamoun Kuzbari | 1954 1961 |
Served briefly following Adib Shishakli’s resignation and after the coup that overturned the United Arab Republic. |
| 19 | Gamal Abdel-Nasser | 1958-1961 | Egyptian leader who served as President of the United Arab Republic until Syria seceded following a coup in Damascus. |
| 20 | Izzat Nuss | 1961 | Served in an interim capacity following Syria’s secession from the United Arab Republic. |
| 21 | Nazim Qudsi | 1961-1963 | Served during the time period between the fall of the United Arab Republic and the rise of the Baath Party. |
| 22 | Louai Atassi | 1963 | First Baathist leader who served briefly following the Baath Party Revolution. |
| 23 | Amin Hafez | 1963-1966 | Baathist leader who served until the far-leftist wing of the Baath Party led by Salah Jadid came to power. |
| 24 | Nour Al-Din Atassi | 1966-1970 | Served during the time the far-leftist Baathists led by Salah Jadid were in control until Hafez Al-Assad came to power. |
| 25 | Ahmad Khatib | 1970-1971 | Served briefly until Hafez Al-Assad became president. |
| 26 | Hafez Al-Assad | 1971-2000 | Longest-serving leader of Syria who was in charge for three decades. |
| 27 | Abdel-Halim Khaddam | 2000 | Served in an interim capacity until Bashar Al-Assad became president. |
| 28 | Bashar Al-Assad | 2000- | Serving currently as president. |